5 Tips for Better Aurora and Night Photography

My recent posts of aurora images have drawn a record number of visits to this blog, and several people have queried me with questions in the comments, emails, facebook, or twitter. So I thought I would pass on a few tips to make your own efforts with night photography a bit easier. 

1. Get a Tripod. I know this sounds self explanatory, but I'm constantly amazed at how many photographers don't own one, or if they do, don't use it. Tripods are, in my opinion, the one tool in a photographers kit that will greatly improve his or her images. Using a tripod forces you to slow down, think, compose carefully. You can't just point and shoot when using a tripod, you have to move slowly because everything simply takes more time. Of course, you also get sharper images. But I digress- You NEED a tripod for night work because the exposures are so long that it is absolutely impossible to do handheld work. So if you don't have one, get one. A cheapie from your local disount store will work, but I suggest you invest some money in a good set of legs and a good head, it will save you hours of frustration and buyer's remorse.

2. Determining Exposure. It is likely in night work that your camera will get very confused and unable to choose the appropriate f-stop or shutter speed. So you'll need to use the camera's manual setting. (For those who use auto-everything this is a good opportunity to throw away the crutches and learn something about exposure.) Next select an ISO that is appropriate to your camera. If you have a top of the line camera in Nikon or Canon's line with very low noise you'll be able to use a fairly high ISO setting, like 800 or even higher. If however, you shoot with a lower grade DSLR, you'll need to start lower. Try 200 or 400. Next, select a shutter speed. This will depend on your ISO and how fast your lens is. I suggest starting off around 15 seconds, then review your image on the LCD and adjust up or down as necessary. (A word of warning: on a dark night when the only light is your camera LCD your image will appear brighter than it will on your computer, so be careful.)

3. Sharpness. When I first began making images at night, this was my Achilles heel, as I think it is for most people starting out in this genre of photography. Focusing at night is tricky. Even the best cameras won't be able to focus in the dark so set your lens on manual focus and set it like this:

The left edge of the infinity line is the best place to start, small adjustments can then be made by reviewing the LCD after the first few images. You'll likely find if your foreground elements are placed sufficiently back in the frame that everything will be sharp, from the trees and hills to the stars and aurora.

4. Lens Choice. Go wide. Go fast. A good, wide-angle zoom allows you to show as much of the sky and foreground as you wish. The zoom will allow some latitude in your composition. A fast lens like an f2.8 or better will permit shorter shutter speeds which means less trailing in the stars, less wind-motion in the trees and better definition of the curves and pillars of the aurora. Slower lenses will work but higher ISOs (and thus more noise) might be necessary or longer exposures (leading to unwanted trailing in the stars or blurring of the aurora). 

5. Composition. Compose as though you were composing a landscape image. Your subject is the sky, but the other elements in the frame are just as important as they would be in daylight. An image of just the aurora and a few stars might have some interesting color but lacks of sense of place or depth. A poorly composed foreground will be a distraction. Select a tree, mountain, person, tent, or whatever and compose carefully. Don't get caught up with just the sky, in the end the other elements of the image are just as important.

Anyone else have thoughts, tips or additional questions on night photography? If so, leave them in the comments.

Spring...kinda

(Disclaimer: This image has nothing whatsoever to do with the following post)

April in Fairbanks is a tease. We have sparkling blue skies for what seems likes weeks on end. The snows turn to water and slide into the creeks which flow over and through the winter's ice, eating it away. People walk around in shorts and shirt sleeves, willing summer to come, despite the 38 degree temperatures. Road bikes and motorcycles appear on the streets that are now clear of snow and ice. And then...then it snows. 

It happens every year. And its happening today. Outside my window as I write this there are scattered flakes falling. Blowing actually, shoved along by an atypical cold wind. It is a sad landscape of gray and brown.

I know it won't last. Geese are arriving at Creamer's Field. I trust that they know better than I that spring is indeed here. Their lives depend on it, I'm just looking forward to summer.

Aurora Borealis

It's been a lousy season for the aurora, but a recent solar storm set the sky alight last night in one of the best displays I've seen in years. Even before the sky was fully dark, there were curtains of green sweeping across the dusky blue. By 11 when I made it down onto the ice of the creek below my cabin there were bright curtains of aurora overhead.

Some displays are almost static with little motion. Others, like last night were constantly shifting, moving fast. That made it basically impossible to capture the shape of the aurora, but the colors were vivid. Green with highlights of red and purple and bright stars in the background.

Nights like that make me very happy I live in Fairbanks.

Antarctica in Motion

During the Southern Ocean voyage I spent a fair amount of time recording video on my Canon 7D. The image quality of the stills in this camera may be only so-so, but the video capability is absolutely outstanding. For a recent talk on seabird ecology in particular and the trip in general I finally got around to piecing together some video. I've edited down the Antarctica portion of the trip into this short video. Let me know what you think.

Incidentally spring is arriving in force here in Fairbanks. The snow is melting off, sending streams of water across the ice of the creek below my cabin. Winter sports are almost at an end and my shutter finger is getting fired up for the return of the birds.

Antarctica from David Shaw on Vimeo.

Antarctica and the Southern Ocean Presentation

 My friends and colleagues Hugh Rose and Patrick Endres and I will be giving a presentation for the Arctic Audubon Society on our recent Antarctica trip. Each of us will be sharing a selection of images and sharing photo tips and anecdotes from our adventures. If you'll be in Fairbanks on Monday night at 7pm, join us at the Noel Wien Library for an hour of photography and natural history.

Adelies in the fog

Canon 7D, 17-40f4L @ 40mm, 1/640th @ f4.0, ISO 200

After our sunny morning exploring the peaks, and crags of Devil Island we motored off in the Polar Star to our first landing on Antarctica proper at the far northern tip of the peninsula, Brown Bluff.

The name Brown Bluff doesn't really do the place justice. The "bluff" is actually a 1000 foot cliff that shoots up a short distance from the beach. Snow and Pintado Petrels nest in the rock crevices and are constantly coming and going. Several thousand pairs of Adelie Penguins nest in a colony that reaches up the talus slope below the cliffs. Gentoo Penguins and Kelp Gulls occupy the boulders that are scattered up and down the gravel beach.

Since my first visit to the place in 2003, Brown Bluff has been among my favorites. Perhaps because it was the first place I encountered Adelies, or maybe because it was the first time I set foot on the great southern continent. Or maybe its just a remarkable place.

We arrived in cloudy, windless conditions, but as the afternoon went on, a fog bank rolled in from the north. First, as I zodiac cruised with a group of clients around the icebergs it began swallowing up the distant bergs, then the closer ones.

Back on shore, a short time later, I was photographing the penguins coming and going from the colony. They were splashing in and out of the water. The cold, foggy light made for challenging, but interesting, photography. It was a perfect chance for wide-angle work as the penguins popped from the water just feet away. The image above I snapped from a prone position on the beach. It's dark, but so was the day. This image reminds me of what the day felt like. The cold rock under me, the fog bank rolling in, graying the skies in the background, the icebergs floating like ghosts in water as gray as the sky.

Canon 7D, 17-40 f4L @40mm, 1/250th, f8.0, ISO 200, handheld from Zodiac

This second image was made during the short zodiac cruise around the bergs. The fog bank in the background made the blues in this berg pop like fireworks.

This is why I love the Antarctic. Every time the weather changes (which it does, almost constantly), the colors change, they brighten and soften, landscape elements appear and disappear. Even the wildlife seems to change. Penguins go from cute and clutzy birds to emblems of survival at the edge of what's possible.

Atop the Devil

Canon 7D, 17-40f4L @ 17mm, 1/3200th, @f9.0, ISO 200, handheld

Finally, we found the sun. It took two days of bashing through broken sea ice and trying to make up time in areas of open water, but we finally made it to the Antarctic Peninsula. Our first landing was on Paulet Island, a speck of rock north and east of the mainland and tucked up against the glaciated dome of Dundee Island. Paulet is a remarkable place where 100,000 or so Adelie Penguin pairs make their nests. There are penguins atop the icebergs that surround the island, they climb up and down the snowy slopes like ants, and fill the edges of the sea ice. It was sunny, warm, and a near-perfect day. And I got just about nothin' photographically.

Well that isn't entirely true, there are a few keepers in there, but nothing that really excited me. But I was in Antarctica and that alone made up for the fruitless hours with my camera.

That's why, for the time being at least, I'm skipping over Paulet Island and moving straight on to day 2 on the Antarctic Peninsula where we first visited Devil Island. This little visited island in the Weddell Sea is home to a few thousand Adelies, Skuas, Sheathbills and the other mishmash of Antarctic wildlife, but it is the scenery that makes the place.

Devil Island is tucked into a steep-sided cove of the heavily glaciated Vega Island and its summit rises some 1000 feet above the surrounding water. It is a remarkable place that made me wish for a sea kayak to explore the glassy waters. Instead I climbed.

With a handful of others I scrambled up the scree slopes to the taller of the island's two summits. From the summit ridge sprouts the pinnacle of the rotten stone in the picture above. Ted Cheeseman, the expedition leader and Ross Hofmeyr the ship's doctor went for a scramble to the top and I snapped a few images as they stood atop it.

Had I known that that glaring sun would be almost the last we'd see during our time on the continent, I'd have spent more time appreciating it.